Как найти pathfinder в иллюстраторе

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Methods of combining objects

You can combine vector objects to create shapes in a variety of ways in Illustrator. The resulting paths or shapes differ depending on the method you use to combine the objects.

Pathfinder effects let you combine multiple objects using interaction modes. When you use Pathfinder effects, you can’t edit the interactions between objects. See Combine objects using Pathfinder effects.

Compound shapes let you combine multiple objects and specify how you want each object to interact with the other objects. Compound shapes are more versatile than compound paths because they provide four kinds of interactions: add, subtract, intersect, and exclude. In addition, the underlying objects aren’t changed, so you can select each object within a compound shape to edit it or change its interaction mode. See Combine objects using compound shapes.

Compound paths let you use an object to cut a hole in another object. For example, you can create a doughnut shape from two nested circles. Once you create a compound path, the paths act as grouped objects. You can select and manipulate the objects separately using the Direct Selection tool or Group Selection tool; or you can select and edit the combined path. See Combine objects using compound paths.

Combine objects using Pathfinder effects

Navigate the Pathfinder panel

You use the Pathfinder panel (Window > Pathfinder) to combine objects into new shapes.

Use the top row of buttons in the panel to make paths or compound paths. To make compound shapes, use the buttons in those rows while pressing the Alt or Option key. 

Choose from the following shape modes:

Add To Shape Area

Adds the area of the component to the underlying geometry.

Subtract from Shape Area

Cuts out the area of the component from the underlying geometry.

Intersect Shape Areas

Uses the area of the component to clip the underlying geometry as a mask would.

Exclude Overlapping Shape Areas

A. All components in Add mode B. Subtract
mode applied to squares C. Intersect
mode applied to squares D. Exclude
mode applied to squares 

Specify Pathfinder options

Set Pathfinder Options from the Pathfinder panel menu or by double-clicking a Pathfinder effect in the Appearance panel.

Precision

Affects how precisely the Pathfinder effects calculate an object’s path. The more precise the calculation, the more accurate the drawing and the more time is required to generate the resulting path.

Remove Redundant Points

Removes unnecessary points as you click a Pathfinder button.

Divide And Outline Will Remove Unpainted Artwork

Deletes any unfilled objects in the selected artwork as you
click the Divide or Outline button.

Apply Pathfinder effects

Pathfinder effects let you create new shapes out of overlapping objects. Apply Pathfinder effects by using the Effects menu or the Pathfinder panel.

• Pathfinder effects in the Effects menu can only be applied to groups, layers, and text objects. After you apply the effect, you can still select and edit the original objects. You can also use the Appearance panel to modify or remove the effect. See Apply a Pathfinder effect using the Effects menu.

• Pathfinder effects in the Pathfinder panel can be applied to any combination of objects, groups, and layers. The final shape combination is created when you click a pathfinder button; after that, you can’t edit the original objects. If the effect results in multiple objects, they are automatically grouped together. See Apply a Pathfinder effect using the Pathfinder panel.

1. • Group together the objects you want to use, and select the group.

     -or-

   • Move the objects you want to use into a separate layer, and target the layer.

2. Choose Effect > Pathfinder and choose a Pathfinder
   effect.

   To quickly apply the same Pathfinder effect
   again, choose Effect > Apply [effect].

Apply a Pathfinder effect using
the Pathfinder panel

1. Select
   the objects to which you want to apply the effect.

   To apply a Pathfinder effect to a group or layer, target
   the group or layer.

2. In the Pathfinder panel, click a pathfinder button (in
   the bottom row), or Alt‑click (Windows) or Option‑click (Mac OS)
   a Shape Mode button (in the top row).

Summary of Pathfinder effects

Add

Traces the outline of all objects as if they were a single, merged object. The resulting shape takes on the paint attributes of the top object.

Intersect

Traces the outline of the region overlapped by all the objects.

Exclude

Traces all nonoverlapping areas of the objects, and makes overlapping areas transparent. Where an even number of objects overlap, the overlap becomes transparent. Where an odd number of objects overlap, the overlap becomes filled.

Subtract

Subtracts the frontmost objects from the backmost object. You can use this command to delete areas of an illustration by adjusting the stacking order.

Minus Back

Subtracts the objects in back from the frontmost object. You can use this command to delete areas of an illustration by adjusting the stacking order.

Divide

Trim

Removes the part of a filled object that is hidden. Removes any strokes and doesn’t merge objects of the same color.

Merge

Removes the part of a filled object that is hidden. Removes any strokes and merges any adjoining or overlapping objects filled with the same color.

Crop

Divides artwork into its component-filled faces, and then deletes all the parts of the artwork that fall outside the boundary of the topmost object. It also removes any strokes.

Outline

Hard Mix

Combines colors by choosing the highest value of each of the color components. For example, if Color 1 is 20% cyan, 66% magenta, 40% yellow, and 0% black, and Color 2 is 40% cyan, 20% magenta, 30% yellow, and 10% black, the resulting hard color is 40% cyan, 66% magenta, 40% yellow, and 10% black.

Soft Mix

Makes the underlying colors visible through the overlapping artwork, and then divides the image into its component faces. You specify the percentage of visibility you want in the overlapping colors.

Trap

Compensates for potential gaps between colors in artwork by creating a small area of overlap (called a trap) between two adjoining colors.

Combine objects using compound shapes

A compound shape is
editable art consisting of two or more objects, each assigned a
shape mode. Compound shapes make it easy to create complex shapes
because you can precisely manipulate the shape mode, stacking order, shape,
location, and appearance of each path included.

Compound shapes act as grouped objects and appear as <Compound
Shape> items in the Layers panel. You can use the Layers panel
to show, select, and manipulate the contents of a compound shape—for
example, to change the stacking order of its components. You can
also use the Direct Selection tool or the Group Selection tool to
select components of a compound shape.

When you create a compound shape, it takes on the paint and transparency
attributes of the topmost component in Add, Intersect, or Exclude
mode. Subsequently, you can change the paint, style, or transparency
attributes of the compound shape. Illustrator facilitates this process
by automatically targeting the whole compound shape when you select
any part of it, unless you explicitly target a component in the
Layers panel.

A. Original objects B. Compound
shape created C. Individual shape modes
applied to each component D. Style
applied to entire compound shape 

Create a compound shape

1. Select all the objects you want to be
   part of the compound shape.

   You can include paths, compound paths, groups, other compound
   shapes, blends, text, envelopes, and warps in a compound shape.
   Any open paths you select are automatically closed.

2. • In the Pathfinder panel, Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) a Shape Modes button. Each component of the compound shape is assigned the shape mode you select.

     -or-

   • Select Make Compound Shape from the Pathfinder panel menu. Each component of the compound shape is assigned the Add mode by default.

3. Change the shape mode of any component by selecting it
   with the Direct Selection tool or Layers panel and clicking a Shape
   Mode button.

   Note: You never need to change the mode of the backmost component, because that mode isn’t relevant to the compound shape.

   To sustain maximum performance, create complex
   compound shapes by nesting other compound shapes (containing up
   to about 10 components each) instead of using many individual components.

Modify a compound shape

1. Use the Direct Selection tool or Layers
   panel to select an individual component of the compound shape.

2. Look for the highlighted Shape Mode button in the Pathfinder
   panel to identify which mode is currently applied to a selected
   component.

   If you’ve selected two or more components that use different
   modes, question marks appear on the Shape Mode buttons.

3. In the Pathfinder panel, click a different Shape Mode
   button.

Release and expand a compound shape

Releasing a compound shape
separates it back into separate objects. Expanding a compound shape
maintains the shape of the compound object, but you can no longer
select the individual components.

1. Select the compound shape using the Selection
   tool or Layers panel.

2. • Click Expand in the Pathfinder panel.

     -or-

   • Choose Expand Compound Shape from the Pathfinder panel menu.

     The compound shape is converted to a <Path> or <Compound Path> item in the Layers panel, depending on the shape mode it used.

     -or-

   • Choose Release Compound Shape from the Pathfinder panel menu.

Move compound shapes between Illustrator and Photoshop

The shape layers and layer clipping paths
(vector masks) in Adobe Photoshop are types of compound shapes.
You can import shape layers and layer clipping paths into Illustrator
as compound shapes and continue to manipulate them. In addition,
you can export compound shapes to Photoshop. Keep the following
in mind when using compound shapes with Photoshop:

• Only compound shapes that reside at the top level of the layer hierarchy are exported to Photoshop as shape layers.

• A compound shape painted with a stroke using a join other than round, or with a weight in points that is not an integer, is rasterized when exported to the PSD file format.

Combine objects using compound paths

A compound path contains two or more paths that are painted so that holes appear where paths overlap. When you define objects as a compound path, all objects in the compound path take on the paint and style attributes of the backmost object in the stacking order.

Compound paths act as grouped objects and appear as <Compound Path> items in the Layers panel. Use the Direct Selection tool or the Group Selection tool to select part of a compound path. You can manipulate the shape of individual components of a compound path, but you can’t change appearance attributes, graphic styles, or effects for individual components, and you can’t manipulate components individually in the Layers panel.

If you want more flexibility when creating compound paths, you can create a compound shape and then expand it.

Cut a hole in an object using a
compound path

1. Select
   the object to use as a hole, and position it so that it overlaps
   the object to cut. Repeat for any additional objects you want to
   use as holes.

2. Select all the objects you want to include in the compound
   path.

3. Choose Object > Compound Path >
   Make.

Apply fill rules to compound paths

You
can specify whether a compound path is a nonzero winding path or
an even‑odd path.

Nonzero winding fill rule

Uses mathematical equations to determine if a point is outside or inside a shape. Illustrator uses the nonzero winding rule as the default rule.

Even-odd fill rule

Uses mathematical equations to determine if a point is outside or inside a shape. This rule is the more predictable rule because every other region within an even‑odd compound path is a hole, regardless of path direction. Some apps, such as Adobe Photoshop, use the even‑odd rule by default, so compound paths imported from these apps will use the even‑odd rule.

Self-intersecting
paths are paths that intersect themselves. You can choose
to make these paths either nonzero winding or even‑odd, depending
on how you want them to look.

When
you create a nonzero winding compound path, you can specify whether overlapping
paths appear with holes or are filled by clicking a Reverse Path Direction
button in the Attributes panel.

A. Four circular paths B. Circular
paths selected, converted into compound path C. Reverse
Path Direction applied to innermost path 

Change the fill rule for a compound
path

1. Select the compound path using the Selection
   tool or Layers panel.

2. In the Attributes panel, click the Use Non‑Zero Winding
   Fill Rule button  or the
   Use Even‑Odd Fill Rule button  .

Change a hole in a compound path
to a filled area

1. Make sure that the compound path uses
   the nonzero winding fill rule.

2. Using the Direct Selection tool, select the part of the compound path to reverse. Don’t select the entire compound path.

3. In the Attributes panel, click the Reverse Path Direction
   Off button  or
   the Reverse Path Direction On button  .

Return a compound path to its original
components

1. Select the compound path
   using the Selection tool or Layers panel.

2. Choose Object > Compound Path >
   Release.

Содержание

1. Что такое следопыт? Как использовать Pathfinder в Adobe Illustrator
2. 1. Что такое Pathfinder?
3. 2. Инструкции по использованию Pathfinder
4. 3. Значение команд в инструменте Обработка контуров.
5. 3.1. Группа команд «Режимы формы»
6. 3.2. Группа команд Pathfinder
7. Иллюстратор за 60 секунд: Как использовать панель Pathfinder (Обработка Контуров)
8. Иллюстратор за 60 секунд: панель Pathfinder
9. Как пользоваться панелью Pathfinder
10. Еще немного деталей
11. 60 секунд?
12. Палитра Pathfinder